The Middle Ages

• St. Anselm
•  Realism.
• Roscellinus
•  Nominalism.
• Peter Abelard
•  Heloise.
•  Conceptualism
• Averroes
•  Passive intellect
•  Active intellect
• Thomas Aquinas
• William of Occam
•  Occam’s razor.

• humanism
• Gutenberg
• Columbus
• reformation
• Luther
• Calvin
• Henry Viii
• science
• Copernicus
• Bruno
• pantheism
• Bacon
• induction
• idols
• tribe
• cave
• marketplace
• theater
• Galileo
• primary and secondary qualities
• Descartes
• method of doubt
• I think, therefore I am
• reflexes
• deism
• Comenius

 

• Empiricism
• direct observation
• indirect empirical knowledge (inductive truth)
• generalization
• hypothesis testing
• types of empiricism
• realism
• direct (“naive”) realism -- Reid
• representative realism -- Descartes, Locke
• subjective idealism -- Berkeley
• Rationalism
• focusses on necessary (a priori) truth
• self-evident truth
• deductive truth
• logic
• math
• The hypothetico-deductive method

• Hobbes
• materialism
• absolute monarchy
• Spinoza
• double aspectism
• panpsychism
• mechanism
• clear idea
• intellectual love of God
• John Locke
• representational government
• no innate ideas
• Berkeley
• idealism
• to be is to be perceived
• Leibniz
• active mind
• unconscious
• monads
• Bayle
• Dictionary

• Monism
• Materialism -- Hobbes
• Epiphenomenalism -- Thomas Huxley
• Idealism -- Berkeley
• Double-aspectism -- Spinoza
• Neutral monism -- William James
• Dualism
• Interactionism -- Descartes
• Parallelism -- Leibniz
• Occasionalism -- Nicholas Malebranche
• Plurallism -- William James
• Emergentism

• Hume
• skepticism
• no matter, no mind
• no causation, no free will
• Kant
• a priori knowledge
• time and space
• categories
• categorical imperative

• Theological theories
• divine command theory
• natural law
• absolutism
• Moral relativism (skepticism, nihilism)
• conventionalism
• prescriptivism
• subjectivism
• emotivism
• Moral realism
• rationalist moral theories
• intuitionism
• formalism
• contractarianism
• naturalistic moral theories
• moral sense theory
• egoism
• utilitarianism
• virtue theories
• perfectionism
• situated ethics