i.  Desire is the essence of man insofar as it is conceived as determined to any action by any one of its modifications.  [I.e., when there is change, we become motivated, and that is called desire.]

ii.  Joy is man’s passage from a less to a greater perfection.  [We feel joy when we improve our abilities to deal with what life hands us.]

iii.  Sorrow is man’s passage from a greater to a less perfection.  [We feel sorrow when we find we are not able to deal with life.]

iv.  Love is joy with the accompanying idea of an external cause.  [When something, or someone, gives us joy, we feel love towards that thing or person.]

v.  Hatred is sorrow with the accompanying idea of an external cause.  [When something, or someone, gives us sorrow, we feel hatred towards that thing or person.]

vi.  Hope is a joy not constant, arising from the idea of something future or past about the issue of which we sometimes doubt.  [When we detect the possibility of joy in an otherwise uncertain situation, we feel hope.]

vii.  Fear is a sorrow not constant, arising from the idea of something future or past about the issue of which we sometimes doubt.  [When we detect the possibility of sorrow in an uncertain situation, we feel fear.]

viii.  Confidence is a joy arising from the idea of a past or future object from which cause for doubting is removed.  [Confidence happens when hope conquers fear.]

ix.  Despair is sorrow arising from the idea of a past or future object from which cause for doubting is removed.  [Despair happens when fear overwhelms hope.]

x.  Gladness is joy with the accompanying idea of something past which, unhoped for, has happened.  [Gladness is the recognition that things have gone well.]

xi.  Remorse is sorrow with the accompanying idea of something past which, unhoped for, has happened.  [Remorse is the recognition that things have gone wrong.  It might include regret and even guilt, if we had some responsibility in the matter.]

xii.  Favor is love toward those who have benefited others.  [It is the appreciation we feel towards good people.]

xiii.  Indignation is hatred toward those who have injured others.  [It is the hatred we feel towards bad people.]

xiv.  Overestimation consists of thinking too highly of another person in consequence of our love for him.  [This might include infatuation.]

xv.  Contempt consists in thinking too little of another person in consequence of our hatred for him.  [To have contempt for someone is the same as despising them.]

xvi.  Envy is hatred in so far as it affects a man so that he is sad at the good fortune of another person and is glad when any evil happens to him.  [Envy may include jealousy and lead to spitefulness.]

xvii.  Compassion is love in so far as it affects a man so that he is glad at the prosperity  of another person and is sad when any evil happens to him.  [This, which many would call love, is no doubt the most worthy emotion.]

xviii.  Self-satisfaction is the joy which is produced by contemplating ourselves and our own power of action.  [Today, we might refer to this as self-esteem or self-worth.]

xix.  Humility is the sorrow which is produced by contemplating our impotence or helplessness.  [Although humility sounds negative, it involves a realistic understanding of our limitations.]

xx.  Pride is thinking too much of ourselves, through self-love.  [We often use the word to mean something positive, but traditionally pride is undeserved or excessive self-esteem.]

xxi. Despondency is thinking too little of ourselves through sorrow.  [This corresponds to that unrealistic sense of guilt that plagues so many people.]

xxii.  Self-exaltation is joy with the accompanying idea of some action which we imagine people praise.  [Self-esteem based on others’ opinions of particular behaviors.]

xxiii.  Shame is sorrow with the accompanying idea of some action which we imagine people blame.  [Like humility, but based on others’ opinions of particular behaviors.  We call it guilt if it is entirely internalized.]

xxiv.  Benevolence is the desire to do good to those whom we pity.  [Benevolence is the emotion behind our good deeds.  Pity here does not carry the negative tone it often does today.]

xxv.  Anger is the desire by which we are impelled, through hatred, to injure those whom we hate.  [Anger is the emotion behind aggression.  It includes the desire for revenge.]