While the initial inclination regarding communication over the internet may be to assume the internet must have shortcomings, for instance, reducing the value of CMC when trying to express emotions, the contrary seems to be true. Research by Derks, Fischer and Bocs (2008) found that while there are extra challenges to communicating online, emotion expression is only modified in CMC rather than eliminated.
Emotional communication is defined as “the recognition, expression, and sharing of emotions or moods between two or more individuals” (Derks et al., 2008). Just as in face-to-face (FTF) communication, one can communicate emotions explicitly or implicitly. On the internet an explicitly conveyed emotion would be similar to stating the emotion (I am happy), stating an action (I want to kick you), or using emoticons. Conversely, implicit conveyance can be communicated through the degree of self-disclosure or use of language. Both implicit and explicit communications are important because they have the power to strengthen or decrease an emotion and, if used correctly, will limit inappropriate reactions. Given that CMC eliminates the use of facial expressions, which we use to clarify anticipated meanings, people seem to find it important to use other means to illuminate emotions. In a study by Rivera, Cooke, Bauhs (1996) participants were found to use emoticons whenever given the option. These same participants also reported being more satisfied that those who did not have emoticons as an option.
The study discussed above shows that we feel a need to express our emotions online even though it needs to be done using various alternative techniques. Since women express more emotions FTF than men, we would expect to find a higher usage of aids in women to communicate emotions online also. Savicki and Kelley (2000) researched this area and found that not only do women show more emotion in their word choice online by using more “I” statements, but their conversations resulted in greater self-disclosure and more satisfaction than men. Interestingly, men were found to use more emoticons when talking to women. On the whole, it may benefit both genders that there is a greater ability to control impulsive remarks when communicating via the internet.
Despite the fact that there are ways to creatively express emotion online, the techniques seem to be very deliberate. The receiver may be left wondering whether the emotion is actually felt by the other person or if they are only intentionally portraying that particular emotion because they believe that is what is desired by the receiver. Aside from the internet, one is able to use nonverbal cues to clarify statements. On the contrary, it seems as though emotions are successfully shown online considering instant messaging, blogs, support lists, online dating and even online therapy are continually used as an alternative source of social interaction.
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