Xin "New" Dynasty 9-23 CE

Later (Eastern) Han Dynasty 25-220 CE

*Wang Mang's Usurpation

Lived 45 BCE-23 CE

Dowager Empress Wang, d. 13 CE

Aunt of Wang Mang

Wife of Emperor Yuan (r. 49-33 BCE)

Mother of Emperor Cheng (r. 33-7 BCE)

Political climb

Prime Minister, 8-7 BCE

Limits landholding to 3000 mu (500 acres)

Out of power under Emperor Ai, 7-1 BCE

Return to power in cooperation with Empress Wang

Regent for two child emperors, 1 BCE-9CE

Founds Xin Dynasty, 9-23 CE

Idealistic reformer or opportunist?

Land reform

Idealism of Rites of Zhou

*Well-field (tick-tack-toe) system

井 Chinese character jing meaning "water well"

Threat to power of great landowners

Fall of Wang Mang

Elites resist reforms

Commoners face hardship

Natural Disasters

Yellow River “China’s sorrow”

N to S in 11 CE

*Red Eyebrow rebellion 22-25 CE

Mother Lü (Hinsch, p. 102)

Eastern (Later) Han 25-220 CE

Liu Xiu (5 BCE-56 CE)

Emperor Guangwu (r. 25-56 CE)
Capital in Luoyang

Political Conflicts at Center

Emperor Huan (r. 146-168)

Consort family

Empress Liang (d. 159)

Liang Ji (d. 159), Regent

Eunuch coup d’état in 159

Hinsch, Women in Early Imperial China, pp. 97-135

Political power in palace

Decreasing power of Han emperors Power of consort families 9 of 13 E. Han emperors were puppet rulers for part or all of reign Empress Dowagers dominate sons Patronage

Didactic Confucian texts promoting patrilinealism (Hinsch, pp. 117-35)

Liu Xiang, Biographies of Women

*Ban Zhao, Admonitions for Women