Regent Oboi
General
Pro-Manchu policies
Arrested 1669
Succession, 1671
Shang Zhixin
Geng Jingzhong
War, 1673-81
Wu Sangui founds Zhou Dynasty
Failures of 3 feudatories
No coordination
No appeal to Ming loyalists
Literary projects
Taiwan (1683)
Fleet of 300 ships
Zunghar Mongols (1696)
Galdan died April 1697
Bones ritually crushed Beijing, Fall 1698
Tibet invasion, 1717
Lost influence in Tibet, 1720
Dalai Lama Qing vassal
3,000 soldier garrison
Repulsed Qing attack, 1731
Cloudy succession
Workaholic
Kangxi set to Ming census of 1581
Low revenue
Unfair distribution of burden
Corruption in local government
Tax increase
Redistribution of burden
Great Righteousness Resolving Confusion, 1730 (Perdue, pp. 470-6)
Clear succession
Revival of Manchu traditions
Patronage of Chinese traditions
Expanded imperial art collection
Four Treasuries project
Completed in 1782
10,230 works in 36,000 volumes
538 works destroyed
Galdan Tseren, r. 1727-45
Truce and trade relations, 1739 (Perdue 256-65)
Tweswang Dorji Namjal r. 1746-50
Lama Darja r. 1750-53
Dawaci r. 1753-5
Amursana r. 1755-57
Motives
Machiavellian
Strategy
Pincer attack
Diplomacy
Treaties with Russians
Logistics
Commercial economy
Supply depots
Mongolia
Gansu corridor
50,000 soldier armies
6 months in field
Rebellions
Failed invasion of Vietnam, 1788-89
Heshen’s dominance of court, 1775-99
Qianlong 65-89 years old