*Warring States (480-221 BCE) and Legalism

Commercialization/Technology

Role of cities

W. Zhou to Late Spring & Autumn:

Seats of government

Late Spring & Autumn to Warring States:

Seats of government

Market centers

Bronze production from 6th c. BCE

Rationalized to allow large-scale production
Pattern blocks

Money

Cowrie Shells

Late Shang-W. Zhou, 1200-800 BCE

Bronze money

Spade coins (bu), 6th c. BCE

Initial distribution around Zhou capital and Jin

Iron metallurgy from ca. 750 BCE

Arrives via Inner Asia

Bronze and iron farming tools and weapons

Spades, hoes, sickles, plowshares

Transmission from West of Iron Metallurgy

Bactria (Silk road oasis) ca. 1000 BCE

Turkestan (Silk road oases) 10th-7th c. BCE

Tuva (S. Siberia/N. Mongolia steppe) 8th c. BCE

N. Ordos (China’s steppe borderlands) ca. 700 BCE

E. Zhou 7th c. BCE

Warring States Material Culture

Marquis Yi of Zeng (vassal of Chu), ca. 430 BCE

Warring States Administrative “Software Upgrades”

*Territorial States

Each ruler claims status as “king”

344-323 BCE

Previous status?

Symbolic of what social and political changes?

What does Li Feng mean when he calls these “territorial states” (pp. 184-87)?

Defined territory

Long walls

Non-hereditary, salaried officials

Payment

Grain
Non-hereditary fief

Chu reforms of 548 BCE

Xian 縣 “county”

Qin reforms of 359 BCE

Legalist

Legalist Philosophy

*Shang Yang (Gongsun Yang), (390-338 BCE)

From Wei

Qin Chief Minister, 356-338 BCE

Shen Buhai (385-337 BCE)

Served Han

*Han Feizi (281-233 BCE)

Originally a Confucian from royal lineage of Han State

Served Qin