Impact of Foreign Ideas

Revolutionary Nationalism

*Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)

Born in Canton

Youth in Hawaii

Medical studies in Hong Kong

Revolutionary Alliance

Tokyo, 1905

“Expel the Manchus, restore Chinese rule, establish a federal republic, and equalize the land.”

1911 Revolution

Revolt

Wuchang, Hubei Province

Oct. 9, 1911

Proclamation of Republic, Oct. 11, 1911

Republic of China

Shanghai, Dec. 25, 1911

Sun Yat-sen, Provisional President

Fall of the Qing

Yuan Shikai, Premier

Puyi "abdicates," Feb. 12, 1912

Sun Yat-sen resigns as Provisional President

Feb. 13, 1912

Yuan Shikai, Provisional President

March 10, 1912

1912 Elections

Electorate 10% of the population

National People's Party (Guomindang) plurality

45% of House of Representatives

U. S. recognizes Republic of China, May 1913

Failure of to Find Stability

Legislature dissolved, Nov. 1913

Sun flees to Japan

Yuan Shikai

“President”

Emperor of the Chinese Empire, Jan. 1, 1916

SW military leaders declare independence

Reinstitutes republic, March 1916

Dies, June 6, 1916

Roots of Warlordism

Death of Yuan, 1916

Weak government in Beijing

Lack of military loyalties to central government

“Power grows from the barrel of a gun.”—Mao Zedong

New Culture Movement (late teens)

Objectives

Intellectual and cultural revolution

Borrowing from Europe and the U.S.

Total rejection of the past

Footbinding

Means of spreading message

Periodicals

Chen Duxiu

New Youth (1915)

Against Confucianism and conservativism

6 principles

Independent, progressive, aggressive, cosmopolitan, practical, and scientific

Hu Shi

Advocated

Pragmatism, scientific thinking and democracy

Language reform

Classical to “plain language