Early Ottoman Empire

Land-Based Empires (Gunpowder Empires)

*Ottoman Turks (Mid. East and SE Europe)

Qing (Manchu) Dynasty (China)

Study Questions-Lecture

1. What is an land-based empire? gunpowder empire?

Study Questions-Reading

The Earth and Its Peoples, pp. 522-30
1. How was the Ottoman army organized? Why was it effective?
2. What crisis did the Ottoman empire experience in the 17th century? What were its effects?

Letter of de Busbecq, Human Record, pp. 88-93

1. What does de Busbecq feel are the strengths and weaknesses of the Ottomans? Are all of his opinions trustworthy?
2. Based on the letter, are the Ottomans or Europeans more powerful? What facts can you provide to support your position?