Nationalism

Monarchy

Subjects

Ideally loyal to ruler

In practice loyal to village, clan or church

*Nationalism, late 18th-20th c.

American, French, Latin American revolutions

Citizens

Loyalty to nation-state

*"Imagined community"

Common language, customs, religion, and history

Spread of nationalistic ideas

New ideas and threats

Enlightenment ideals

Social contract

American Revolution

British threat

French Revolution

Prussian-Austrian threat

Growing literacy and Newspapers

Germany, 16th c.

Reformation

Europe, 17th c

Industrial revolution

Faster communications

Railroads

Telegraph

Public schools

Cumberland Valley State Normal School, Est. 1871

Impediments to nation-states

Dialectical differences

Britain

France and Germany

Alsace and Lorraine

Empires

Russia

45% Russian speaking

Austria

German, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Polish, and more!

Political division

Italy, 1860

Germany, 1862-71

*Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)

*King Wilhelm I of Prussia

Top down approach

Unity in warfare

*Constitutional Monarchy

Study Questions-Lecture

1. What is nationalism and what are its origins?

2. Why did nationalistic ideals become popular and spread in Europe?

3. How did nationalism affect Germany and the Hapsburg Austria-Hungarian Empire differently in the late 19th century?

Study Questions-Reading

Hansen 668-82

1. How did monarchies in Britain and France change as a result of challenges from the growing popularity of liberalism and nationalism in the 19th century?

2. How were new nations of Italy and Germany formed into constitutional monarchies in response to the growing popularity of liberalism and nationalism in the 19th century?

Andrea The Human Record, 292-6

Heinrich von Treitschke, History of Germany

1. According to Treitschke, why are Germans superior to other people? Why do you think such views encourage nationalism? What are the dangers of these types of views?

2. According to Treitschke, why is monarchy the best form of government for a nation?